Heat:- Generally heat is used to relieve muscle spasm associated with neck or back pain. The muscle spasm is a response to the pain caused from injury to deeper structures such as a pinched joint, nerve or "slipped disc". The pain origin is too deep to be effected by...

Exercise associated muscle cramping (EAMC). The cause is unclear but maybe due to abnormal spinal reflex activity due to fatigue. This theory maybe supported by the effectiveness of passive stretching which reduces muscle and nerve activity within 10 to 20 seconds....

Ankle injuries account for 14% of all sporting injuries. Two thirds of ankle injuries involve the lateral or outside ligament. The remaining third injuries may include fracture,Talar dome damage or sprained syndesmosis. If the pain is ongoing seek medical opinion....

There are 5 levels of evidence. Level- 1 Highest Rank- determined by Random Control Trials (RCT) e.g. used in drug testing Level -5 Lowest Rank e.g. Expert Opinion. Sometimes we know things work but are not well tested. e.g. Jumping out of a aircraft with with a...

Headaches effect most people at some times during their life. Generally a headache will effect the back of the neck but may spread into the face, forehead and behind the eyes. Headaches maybe classified into several categories- migraine or vascular headaches, neck...

Low back pain ( LBP) effects the majority of the population at some time in their lives. With the exception of vertebral fractures, the exact cause of LBP is often difficult to identify. It could be said, the high water mark of therapist folly is to predict definitive...